{"post":"

In the previous chapter, we looked upon the Arithmetic, Assignment and Relational Operators.

Now we will take a look at the Logical, Bitwise and Miscellaneous Operators, in this chapter.

Logical Operators:

Following logical operators are supported by C++ language. Here we have assumed that A holds 1 while B holds 0.

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Operator	Description	Example
&&	AND Operator, returns true if both the operands are non zero	A && B will give False
\|\|	OR Operator, returns true if either of the operands are non zero	A \|\| B will give True
!	NOT Operator, negates the value of the operand	!A will give False \n !B will give True

Bitwise Operators:

Bitwise Operators work on bit level and perform operations on a bit by bit basis, now if we assume A = 60 and B = 13, then the binary representation of these are as follows:

A= 00111100

B=00001101

Now, the Bitwise Operators in C++ will produce the following results as shown:

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Operator	Description	Example
&	Binary AND, copies a bit if it is in both operands	(A & B) will give 12 i.e. 00001100
\|	Binary OR, copies a bit if it is in either operand	(A \| B) will give 61 i.e. 00111101
^	Binary XOR, copies a bit if it is set in one operand	(A ^ B) will give 49 i.e. 00110001
~	Binary Ones, complements the bits	~A will give -61 i.e. 11000011 in 2’s complement due to signed binary number
<<	Binary left shift operator, the left operand’s value is moved left by the number of bits specified	A<<2 will give 240 i.e. 11110000
>>	Binary right shift operator, the left operand’s value is moved right by the number of bits specified.	A>>2 will give 15 i.e. 00001111

Miscellaneous Operators:

There are some Miscellaneous Operators offered by the C++, these are as follows.

Here, A and B are two integer variables with values 20 and 10 respectively.

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Operator	Description	Example
sizeof	Returns the size of the specified variable	sizeof(A) will return 4
Cond?X:Y	Conditional Operator, returns X if the condition is true and Y if it is false	A>B?A:B will return A
,	Comma Operator, is used to separate variables, expressions, etc.	int A,B;

Note:

The Conditional Operator is the only ternary operator in C++ as it requires three operands to act upon.

This operator also acts as a substitute for the if-else statements. We will learn about them later on.

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